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Pakistan President 1979-1987 Biography
Following Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military coup, he began to Islamicise the country and one of the first victims of this socio-political change included the film industry.[18] Imposition of new registration laws for film producers requiring filmmakers to be degree holders, where not many were, led to a steep decline in the workings of the industry. The government forcibly closed most of the cinemas in Lahore.[19] New tax rates were introduced, further decreasing cinema attendances.
Films dropped from a total output of 98 films in 1979, of which 42 were in Urdu, to only 58 films (26 in Urdu) in 1980.[citation needed] The filmmakers that remained employed flaccid storylines to present Punjabi cult classics like Maula Jatt in 1979, telling the story of a gandasa-carrying protagonist waging a blood-feud with a local gangster. Growing censorship policies against displays of affection, rather than violence, came as a blow to the industry[20] and as a result violence-ridden Punjabi films prevailed and overshadowed the Urdu cinema.[20] The middle class neglected the 'increasingly dilapidated and rowdy cinemas'.[20] This film sub-culture came to be known as the ‘gandasa culture’ in the local industry.
Where veterans of this culture Sultan Rahi and Anjuman, became iconic figure in the Punjabi films, Pashto cinema took on a contrasting façade. Backed by powerful politicians, Pashto filmmakers were able to get around the censor policies and filled their films with soft-core pornography to increase viewership.[20] This threw away the romantic and loveable image of Pakistani cinema and less people were attracted to the prospect of going to a cinema. Being a female actor associated with film productions became an understandable taboo.[citation needed] Nevertheless influx of refugees from across the Afghani border, who were denied the entertainment in their country, kept the industry strongly active.[21]
When it seemed the industry could not be further deteriorated, following years saw yet another blow to the fatal collapse. Waheed Murad, oft termed the chocolate hero[22] died in 1983 due to alcohol abuse and stomach cancer, some however say he committed suicide.[23] Media attributes the film star's death to his disheartened view in the wake of Pakistani cinema's collapse.[22] Director of his unfinished film Hero, employed cheat shots[20] to complete the last of this legend's memorable films to a packed audience. This enthusiasm soon disappeared and not even Pakistan's first science fiction film Shaani in 1989,[24] directed by Saeed Rizvi employing elaborate special effects could save the industry from failing. The sci-fi film received an award at the Moscow Film Festival [25] and even in Egypt and Korea,[25] but sadly was shelved in its country of origin.
Pakistan President 1979-1987 Biography
Following Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military coup, he began to Islamicise the country and one of the first victims of this socio-political change included the film industry.[18] Imposition of new registration laws for film producers requiring filmmakers to be degree holders, where not many were, led to a steep decline in the workings of the industry. The government forcibly closed most of the cinemas in Lahore.[19] New tax rates were introduced, further decreasing cinema attendances.
Films dropped from a total output of 98 films in 1979, of which 42 were in Urdu, to only 58 films (26 in Urdu) in 1980.[citation needed] The filmmakers that remained employed flaccid storylines to present Punjabi cult classics like Maula Jatt in 1979, telling the story of a gandasa-carrying protagonist waging a blood-feud with a local gangster. Growing censorship policies against displays of affection, rather than violence, came as a blow to the industry[20] and as a result violence-ridden Punjabi films prevailed and overshadowed the Urdu cinema.[20] The middle class neglected the 'increasingly dilapidated and rowdy cinemas'.[20] This film sub-culture came to be known as the ‘gandasa culture’ in the local industry.
Where veterans of this culture Sultan Rahi and Anjuman, became iconic figure in the Punjabi films, Pashto cinema took on a contrasting façade. Backed by powerful politicians, Pashto filmmakers were able to get around the censor policies and filled their films with soft-core pornography to increase viewership.[20] This threw away the romantic and loveable image of Pakistani cinema and less people were attracted to the prospect of going to a cinema. Being a female actor associated with film productions became an understandable taboo.[citation needed] Nevertheless influx of refugees from across the Afghani border, who were denied the entertainment in their country, kept the industry strongly active.[21]
When it seemed the industry could not be further deteriorated, following years saw yet another blow to the fatal collapse. Waheed Murad, oft termed the chocolate hero[22] died in 1983 due to alcohol abuse and stomach cancer, some however say he committed suicide.[23] Media attributes the film star's death to his disheartened view in the wake of Pakistani cinema's collapse.[22] Director of his unfinished film Hero, employed cheat shots[20] to complete the last of this legend's memorable films to a packed audience. This enthusiasm soon disappeared and not even Pakistan's first science fiction film Shaani in 1989,[24] directed by Saeed Rizvi employing elaborate special effects could save the industry from failing. The sci-fi film received an award at the Moscow Film Festival [25] and even in Egypt and Korea,[25] but sadly was shelved in its country of origin.
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
Pakistan President 1979-1987
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